But the picture began to change in the early 1990s, after a financial crisis in egypt, when international lenders said they were no longer willing to float an economy so dependent on staterun. Mubarak was given credit for economic reforms that. Egypt s autocratic regime is being weakened by economic crises. However, the book encompasses a history that extends beyond its title, as it. Egypt s economy limps along after protests shops, banks and businesses in egypt have reopened after prolonged demonstrations against the mubarak government. Not long after egyptian vice president omar suleiman announced that hosni mubarak would resign his post as president, u. Read egypt under mubarak by available from rakuten kobo. After mubarak was deposed, egypt was ruled by the supreme. After the coup, sisi counted on the support of the egyptian media. Egypt after mubarak offers a unique look at egypt s most promising and most hopeful future. Mubarak also restore relations with ussr three years after sadats expulsion of. Egypt s autocratic regime is being weakened by economic crises, growing political opposition, and the pressures of globa. After the arab spring the ruining of egypt leaders. Liberalism, islam, and democracy in the arab world.
This bought him a permanent place in the united states good books, but the. The soldiers tale hosni mubarak, exdespot of egypt, died on. Egypt is one of the major powers in the middle east. Egypt under mubarak ebook by 97815080556 rakuten kobo. Discontent swells in hosni mubarak s egypt hosni mubarak is egypt s longest serving ruler since the mid19th century. Meanwhile, young activists in egypt were increasingly restive, and mubarak was increasingly intransigent as he prepared for his 2010 parliamentary elections. Bruce rutherford draws on indepth interviews with egyptian judges, lawyers, islamic activists, politicians, and businesspeople. For decades, egypt stagnated, locked into the quasisocialist economy and arab. Reign of egypt s mubarak marked by poverty, corruption, despair. Two years after the uprising that overthrew egypt s president hosni mubarak, the bbcs yolande knell considers his political legacy.
Galal amin once again turns his attention to the shaping of egyptian society and the egyptian state in the halfcentury and more that has elapsed since the nass. How it ends a look back at the rise and fall of egypts. After egypt s crushing defeat by israel in 1967, his successor, anwar sadat, signed a peace treaty with israel in 1978 with washingtons sponsorship, opening the door to egypt s inclusion within the u. In 2009, egypt s economy was about four times as large as syrias and 7. However, it was unclear when or how a new order would emerge. While the 2011 egyptian revolution has already become the subject of much debate, the roots of the.
Hosni mubaraks riskaverse reign brought egypt to calamity. Contrary to the narrative in the west, mubarak did not fall in response to a. Hosni mubarak, exdespot of egypt, died on february 25th, aged 91. This book offers a fresh perspective from which to understand some of the reasons behind mubarak s fall in 2011 as well as some suggestions for reading the most recent events in egypt. Bruce k rutherford egypt after mubarak demonstrates that both secular and islamist opponents of the regime are navigating a middle path that may result in a uniquely islamic form of liberalism and, perhaps. Rutherford argues that the major oppositional forces are converging on a platform of reform that will produce in egypt a hybrid regime with liberal but circumscribed democratic characteristics. After reading about the activists who used facebook and then researched nonviolent protesting techniques to protest the behavior of the authoritarian mubarak regime, i wanted to understand how such an autocrat, entrenched in power and with the support of the military, could with apparent ease be forced to resign.
He was sworn in eight days after sadat was assassinated by militants during a military parade. The vigour of its cultural life and the extent of its influence mak. Nasser also led the drive towards industrialization, establishing. When egypt after mubarak appeared in 2008,the country seemed to have a stable authoritarian regime. Amins tale of egypt in the era of mubarak opens by recounting the. It was with a profound sense of relief that egyptians brought hosni mubarak, sadats handpicked vice president, to power with a mandate for cautious change. This book will have a serious and productive impact on the field.
The book recounts how mubarak, who led egypt from 1981 until his ouster in. In the 1990s, a series of international monetary fund arrangements, coupled with massive external debt relief resulting from egypt s participation in the gulf war coalition, helped egypt improve its macroeconomic performance. On 2 february 1949, he left the military academy and joined the air force academy, gaining his commission as a pilot officer on march 1950 2 and eventually receiving a bachelors degree in aviation sciences. Rutherford outlines the legal, judicial and constitutional philosophies of egypt s major political forces. The political economy of the egyptian revolution springerlink. State institutions underpinning both, ranging from the legislative and judicial branches to executive agencies with direct responsibility for economic management require substantial if not total overhauls.
The political economy of the egyptian revolution mubarak. Bruce rutherford draws on indepth interviews with egyptian judges. For president hosni mubaraks recent successful economic reforms and egypts increasingly liberal. The date was set by various youth groups to coincide with the annual egyptian police holiday as a statement against increasing police brutality during the last few years of mubarak s presidency. Egypt the day after mubarak quits live this article is more than 9 years old egypt is beginning a new political era after mass protests forced president hosni mubrak to. He argues that, while what he calls liberal constitutionalists and islamic constitutionalists differ on important moral and political questions, a convergence has taken place around certain issue areas. As egypt s economy enjoyed record growth in recent years, the number of people living in poverty grew. State tv said mubarak died at a cairo hospital where he had undergone an unspecified surgery. Mubarak s former prime minister, ahmed shafik, is tapped to lead the cabinet.
Egypt after mubarak offers a unique look at egypts most promising and most hopeful future. When egypt after mubarak appeared in 2008, the country seemed to have a stable authoritarian regime. Since the 1960s, the regime had made a commitment to provide citizens with a wide range of services including jobs in the public sector and the civil service as well as substantial subsidies on food, electricity, gasoline, public transportation, education, and medical care. A conceptually rich, historically informed, and interdisciplinary study of the contentious politics emerging out of decades of authoritarian neoliberal economic reform, the roots of revolt examines the contested political economy of egypt from nasser to mubarak, just prior to the arab uprisings of 201011. This book will have a serious and productive impact on the. Mr sisi has proved more repressive than hosni mubarak, who was toppled in the arab spring. Egypt after mubarak reveals that egypts secularists and islamists may yet navigate a middle path that results in a uniquely islamic form of liberalism and, perhaps, democracy. Reign of egypts mubarak marked by poverty, corruption.
Mubarak held power for nearly thirty years without naming a successor. Try searching on jstor for other items related to this book. Economic restructuring and the rise of market liberalism. The history of egypt under hosni mubarak spans a period of 29 years, beginning with the 1981. The five topical chapters that follow deal, respectively, with the revival of islamism sinceegypts freemarket economic orientation under sadat and mubarak, the status of egyptian christians, the mubarak years, and the contemporary conditions of. Hosni mubarak was born on 4 may 1928 in kafr elmeselha, monufia governorate, egypt. He argues that economic reforms implemented since the late 1980s provided the conditions for.
Some two and a half years after mubarak s ouster, abdel fattah elsissi led the military overthrow of egypt s first freely elected president and rolled back freedoms gained in the 2011 uprising. The complicated legacy of egypts hosni mubarak bbc news. Humanrights violations have become much worse than they were under mubarak, and the economy is dangerously weak. In bringing egypt out of colonialism and feudalism, nasser created an authoritarian and highly centralized economy. Egypts autocratic regime is being weakened by economic crises, growing political opposition, and the pressures of globalization. As egypt after mubarak discusses in chapters 4 and 5, mubaraks egypt faced a fundamental contradiction. The egyptian revolution of 2011, also known as the january 25 revolution arabic.
The book, titled egypt and egyptians in mubarak s era 19812008, carries ruthless criticism of mubarak s era, concluding that egypt is currently in a state of ordeal on all political, social and economic. The constitution is suspended and the parliament disbanded. Read egypt after mubarak liberalism, islam, and democracy in the arab world by bruce k. The protests began about six weeks later, and 18 days after that, mubarak had resigned. In 2011 during the arab spring uprising, egyptians believed in the possibility of greater freedom. In the weeks since president hosni mubarak was forced to resign, on february 11, the same coalition that led the uprising in tahrir square has frequently and vigorously taken action to continue the egyptian revolution. The history of egypt under hosni mubarak spans a period of 29 years, beginning with the 1981 assassination of president anwar sadat and lasting until the egyptian revolution of january 2011, when mubarak was overthrown in a popular uprising as part of the broader arab spring movement. Egypt witnessed its first major strike in the 21st century, mostly in the industrial city of mahalla, over economic grievances.
Roberto provides a rare indepth analysis of the economic coalitions that underpinned mubarak s authoritarian regime. Egypt hasnt learned from hosni mubaraks failure the washington. The rulers of egypt and jordan probably know that a lot of egypt s new wealth is used. Whenegypt after mubarakappeared in 2008, the country seemed to have a stable authoritarian regime. Egypt s autocratic regime is being weakened by economic crises, growing political opposition, and the pressures of globalization. The economy stalled and schools and courts floundered as the population surged. Liberalism, islam, and democracy in the arab world ebook written by bruce k. While the 2011 egyptian revolution has already become the subject of much debate, the roots.
The bad news, however, is that a year after mubarak s fall the fate of democracy in egypt is still an open question. Observers now wonder which way egypt will go when the countrys aging president, husni mubarak, passes from the scene. The middle east institute is proud to host author bruce rutherford for a presentation of his newly published book on egypt, egypt after mubarak. The political economy of two regimes, mubarak did not expect a promotion so significant.
Download for offline reading, highlight, bookmark or take notes while you read egypt after mubarak. T here was a chant i heard in the midst of one the most dangerous moments of egypt s popular revolution against president hosni mubarak. The economy of egypt was a highly centralized economy focused on import substitution under president gamal abdel nasser. A tahrir studies edition reprint by galal amin isbn. Economic restructuring and the rise of market liberalism 20. After 18 days of protests that spilled out from cairos tahrir square, president hosni mubarak hands power to militarys ruling body, the supreme council of the armed forces. Egypts current president abdel fattah alsisi seems to have learned from. Egypt in the era of hosni mubarak 19812011 by galal amin, cairo. Egypt after mubarak reveals that egypt s secularists and islamists may yet navigate a middle path that results in a uniquely islamic form of liberalism and, perhaps, democracy. Egypt faces the herculean task of simultaneously rebuilding its polity and economy and doing so in the absence of broad social consensus on either. After the 1952 revolution, president nasser turned egypt into a stateled economy accompanied by the nationalization of industries and the redistribution of agricultural lands, which benefited small farmers.